Light is a form of energy which generally gives the sensation of sight. Workshop tutorials for biological and environmental physics wr1b. The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane. Class 12 physics notes on wave optics containing top concepts like wave optics, huygens principle, superposition principle, youngs double slit experiment, diffraction, polarization etc. Wave properties in general there are two types of waves. Pdf this book was devoted to a discussion and study. First up, some conventions used when people diagram light and lenses. Damped oscillations when the object is allowed to oscillate in air it takes a long time to stop, and the amplitude decreases very slowly. Then answer the bold numbered questions that appear throughout this lab handout. A wave front is the locus of points having the same phase of oscillation. Home optics coatings catalog about us contact us new wave optics. In geometrical optics, we formulate the propagation of light rays in terms of matrices, whereas in wave optics we formulate wave propagation using the fresnel diffraction formula, which is the solution to maxwells equations.
Wave theory of light by huygens, fresnel, young, etc in geometric optics we learnt light is a stream of straightgoing particles newton proposed that first then we learnt light is a form of em wave. Learn about some of the mysterious properties of light in these tutorials. Light waves that is, electromagnetic waves behave like other waves. The speed of light in a medium depends upon the nature of medium. Use the lensmakers equation to determine the focal length of a thin lens. With 272 selected problems and answers, this study aid is a powerful supplement to the study of wave optics. Download the collection of questions asked in previous cbse board exams from the chapter wave optics. Optics notes topics in these notes are wave properties. It is our hope that this book will stimulate the readers general interest in optics as well as provide them with an essential background in acoustooptics and electrooptics. Give a quick but attentive glance to the important topics and formulae from the section optics. Ray optics is based on rectilinear propagation of light, and deals with mirrors, lenses, reflection, refraction, etc.
Apr 11, 2020 chapter notes wave optics, class 12, physics class 12 notes edurev is made by best teachers of class 12. Dear students, having just a couple of days left for examination, we believe that your preparation must be at its peak. The interference of light waves produces the colors reflected from a cd, the iridescence of bird feathers, and the technology underlying supermarket checkout scanners and optical computers. A collection of electronic material related to the text is available atoptics. Rays are the lines perpendicular to the wavefront, which show the direction of propagation of energy. Chapter notes wave optics, class 12, physics class 12 notes. Chapter notes wave optics, class 12, physics class 12. Physical optics lecture notes pdf 44p download book. Bungy jumping is an increasingly popular sport, with a growing clientele of. The wave packet picture of photons introduced in section 5 of chapter 19 is compatible with treating light as a collection of particlelike photons that follow the rules of geometric optics only as long as the. Cbse class 12 physics chapter 10 wave optics formula free pdf download. Where pis the object distance, iis the image distance, and fis the focal length.
Wiley series in pure and applied optics founded by stanley s. Revision of geometrical optics propagation of waves. Only wave optics leads to the correct interpretation of such patterns. Optics notes massachusetts institute of technology. Derivation of the onedimensional wave equation for a string x x y ux, t. Here are some wave formulas that are useful when youre working with optics. In our discussions of geometric optics we completely ignored the fact that light can also behave as an electromagnetic wave. Aberration not included in final exam, supplement pedrotti chapter 20, and for your study only very few optical systems give images that are free from all defects.
The importance of focal lengths is their use in geometrical optics which will be disussed in the next section. The text material in this section, through example 1, is. Pedrotti cord waco, texas in module, basic geometrical optics, we made use of light rays to demonstrate reflection and refraction of light and the imaging of light with mirrors and lenses. Wavefront of a wave, at any instant, is defined as the locus of all the particles in the medium which are being disturbed at the same instant of time and are in the same phase of vibration. According to wave theory of light, the light is a form of energy which travels through a medium in the form of transverse wave motion. This post covers my notes from chapters 1214 in the system for opthalmic dispensing. Home optics coatings catalog about us contact us nwo. Glenn boreman, university of north carolina at charlotte a complete list of the titles in this series appears at the end of this volume. All of geometric optics can be based on fermats principle. Prepare the wave optics chapter by using new and important formulae. Optics benjamin crowell book 5 in the light and matter series of introductory physics textbooks optics. Important topics and formulae in ray optics and wave. Electromagnetic waves, the electromagnetic spectrum and photons opens a modal. When two waves of exactly same frequency coming from two coherent sources travels in a medium, in the same direction simultaneously then due to their superposition, at some points intensity of light is maximum while at some other points intensity is minimum.
Spherical lens numerical, microscope, telescope, ray diagrams, snells law, image formationmore. Free pdf download of physics class 12 chapter 10 wave optics formulas prepared by expert teachers at. The speed v of a wave is given by v t o where is the wavelength of the wave and t 1 is the period of oscillation. This document is highly rated by class 12 students and has been viewed 6068 times. It explained the laws of reflection and refraction of light at an interface. In optics, typically consider simplified solution to a 1d wave equation.
Physical optics interference diffraction theory scalar fourier theory 2. Fermats principle light propagating between two points follows a path, or paths, for which the time taken is an extremum minimum ignoring the wave nature of light basic theory for optical instruments geometrical optics revision. They can reflect, refract bend, and interfere with each other. Class 12 physics revision notes for chapter 10 wave optics. Then you come to the chapter on wave optics, and you are told that light travels as a wave, that it can bend around objects, it can diffract and interfere, etc. To explain some phenomena, such as interference and diffraction of light, it is necessary to go beyond geometrical optics. Physical optics lecture notes pdf 44p this note covers the following topics. Something must be vibrating oscillating in order to create a wave. This exponential relationship is given in the formula. Wave optics class 12 physics india science khan academy.
It includes the basics of lens diagrams, the refractive index, prisms, spherical lenses, cylindrical lenses, lens form, transposition, base curves, and vertex distance. But we had learnt all waves have common characteristic properties such as. The book can be used for a general text book for opticsoptical engineering classes as well as acoustooptics and electrooptics classes for advanced students. Fourier optics and its applications in optical image processing are then discussed. Need a resource of practice problems to hone your skills. Before coming to lab, read the lab handout and all course required reading in giancoli through chapter 25.
Physics notes for class 12 chapter 10 wave optics wave optics describes the connection between waves and rays of light. To register online physics tuitions on to clear your doubts from our expert teachers and solve the problems easily to score more marks in your cbse. Demonstration of light guidance through optical fibers. It is our hope that this book will stimulate the readers general interest in optics as well as provide them with an essential background in acousto optics and electro optics. Here v 1 and v 2 are the speed of light in media 1 and 2 with refractive index pp 12 and respectively. A upright, magnified and real b upright, the same size and virtual c inverted, demagnified and real d inverted, magnified and virtual. A ray of light is incident from air to glass of refractive index n and is found to be nearly plane polarised after reflection. Wave optics, also referred to as physical optics, is the branch of optics that enables important phenomena such as interference, diffraction, and polarization to be understood. The lrc wishes to thank optical research associates for funding this. Looking for a deeper understanding of electromagnetic wave propagation. You can determine the wave frequency and period, predict how fast light travels in various materials, and determine how light. The frequency remains the same as light travels from one medium to another.
When an object is placed in front of a plane mirror the image is. Relation between refractive indices according to snells law by snells law 4. Important topics and formulae in ray optics and wave optics. Which of the following is the correct formula for focal point calculation. Cbse class 12 physics chapter 10 wave optics formula. The factor in brackets in equation 41 defines the phase angle. The light and matter series of introductory physics textbooks. Figure 28 illustrates a plane wave propagating along the x axis, which means that the wave fronts are parallel to the yz plane. Longitudal waves are those in which the displacement of the mediumor eld is in the direction of the wave. It exposes students to specific precise topics which are generally asked in the exam and also includes various iit questions form wave optics. But when light waves pass around small objects, such as a 100diameter human hair, or through small openings, such as a 50 pinhole, ray optics cannot account for the light patterns produced on a screen beyond these objects. Calculate the percentage change in the fringe width in the interference pattern. This curriculum was developed for a seniorlevel optics course at brigham young university. Waves optics equations and formulas in pdf math tables.
Analysis of light interferometers diffraction gratings michelson fourier transform fabryperot 3. Wave optics lecture about the principles of wave optics. Wave front of a wave, at any instant, is defined as the locus of all the particles in the medium which are being disturbed at the same instant of time and are in the same phase of vibration. Wave optics lecture about the principles of wave optics by n. Fiber optics is an exciting field, and the demonstration exercises that follow are sure to kindle ones interest in this fascinating area. He envisioned a wave crest advancing by imagining each point along the wave crest to be source point for small, circular, expanding wavelets, which expand with the speed of the wave. You can determine the wave frequency and period, predict how fast light travels in various materials, and determine how light will bend in lenses and bounce off mirrors. He envisioned a wave crest advancing by imagining each point along the wave crest to be source point for small, circular, expanding wavelets, which. The book can be used for a general text book for optics optical engineering classes as well as acousto optics and electro optics classes for advanced students. The electric e and magnetic m fields are perpendicular to each other and to the propagation vector k, as shown. For our purposes, in understanding how optical instruments work, the wave theory of light. Optics notes topics in these notes are wave properties polarization focal lengths geometrical optics i. Take a 2meter length or so of optical fiberpreferably a largediameter plastic optical fiberand make perpendicular cuts at both the ends.
The phenomenon of change in the path of light when it passes from one medium to another. As a consequence of this, light traveling through different media will be shifted in relative phase leading to some interesting phenomena. Wave optics, also termed as physic optics is the branch of optics which deals with various phenomenon including diffraction, polarization of light, interference pattern in optics and solved. In youngs double slit experiment, the separation between the two slits is doubled. Fortunately, certain defects can be tolerated in a particular application, if the produced images. Optics benjamin crowell book 5 in the light and matter series of introductory physics textbooks. In this module, we shift the emphasis from light rays to light wavesfrom geometrical optics to physical optics.
1036 1070 52 40 1523 974 68 1207 790 1363 922 1090 1141 1528 849 150 1505 1251 501 1 1392 87 1426 419 158 232 329 934 197 1546 953 506 996 1589 597 1621 492 280 93 1019 1250 268 311 973 825 478 552 1489